Nutrition and food safety

TOPIC

Nutrition and food safety

Nutrition and food safety

Nutrition is one main exposure to chemical and microbiological risks that can produce effects on men’s and animals health. The size of the global food industry, its production volume, the technologies for transforming raw materials and their connections with environmental problems, all of them are a major threat to the food chain with risks to the food safety. Nutrition is also the way we get nutrients for our life and wellbeing. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), one third of cardiovascular and oncological diseases can be prevented by eating healthy, and each year an estimated 600 millions people in the world fall ill after consuming contaminated food.

Integrating and covering all aspects of the relationship between food and health on the whole food chain, from production to consumption, is the driving principle of the European policy and that followed by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS, the National Institute of Health in Italy) in a uniform and interdisciplinary way in the field of food safety, food-borne diseases (FBD), diet-related diseases, and prevention of chronic degenerative diseases.

The ISS research generates knowledge that inform public health actions on chemical and microbiological aspects of food safety, prevention and control of zoonoses and FBD, emerging toxicological risks (endocrine disruptors, nanotechnologies), healthy eating habits as the Mediterranean diet, coeliac disease, food allergies and intolerances, and nutrition strategies to prevent obesity and non-communicable chronic diseases.

ISS hosts national and European Reference Laboratories that provide coordination assistance in numerous fields of food safety, carry on training, consultancy and assessment activities to support the National Health Service (SSN), and participate with its experts to many national and international bodies as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the Codex Alimentarius, and the European Committee for Standardization (CEN).



Back Studio degli effetti delle sostanze chimiche e nanomateriali mediante la tossicogenomica

La tossicogenomica è uno degli approcci utilizzati in tossicologia per lo studio degli effetti avversi dovuti ad esposizione a sostanze chimiche e include l’applicazione di tutte quelle tecnologie ad alta produttività (high-throughput) con cui si ottengono migliaia di informazioni per ogni campione analizzato, come ad esempio la genomica, la trascrittomica, la proteomica e la metabolomica. Mediante tale tecnica è possibile raccogliere ed interpretare in che modo geni, proteine e metaboliti di una particolare cellula o tessuto rispondo alla presenza di una sostanza chimica. L’analisi di tali alterazioni viene effettuata con strumenti bioinformatici, dato l’elevato numero di dati ottenuti. I risultati ottenuti possono contribuire a spiegare quali siano i meccanismi molecolari, le relazioni gene-ambiente e le vie metaboliche perturbate dall’azione delle sostanze chimiche in esame. 

La tossicogenomica è pertanto un utile strumento predittivo in grado di rilevare effetti precoci prima che si verifichi un alterazione fenotipica visibile permettendo quindi una valutazione più sensibile dei possibili rischi per la saluta umana derivanti dall’esposizione a sostanze chimiche.
Il gruppo di tossicologia del Centro di Riferimento per la Medicina di Genere ha applicato questo approccio per studiare gli effetti del Bisfenolo A (BPA) sulla placenta di topi esposti durante la gravidanza e su una linea cellulare fetale umana allo scopo di identificare gli effetti delle miscele dei policlorobifenili (PCB).

Bibliografia:

Tait S, La Rocca C, Mantovani A. Exposure of human fetal penile cells to different PCB mixtures: transcriptome analysis points to diverse modes of interference on external genitalia programming. Reprod Toxicol. 2011;32(1):1–14. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.02.001

Tait S, Tassinari R, Maranghi F, Mantovani A. Toxicogenomic analysis of placenta samples from mice exposed to different doses of BPA. Genom Data. 2015;4:109–111. Published 2015 Apr 11. doi:10.1016/j.gdata.2015.04.004

Tait S, Tassinari R, Maranghi F, Mantovani A. Bisphenol A affects placental layers morphology and angiogenesis during early pregnancy phase in mice. J Appl Toxicol. 2015;35(11):1278–1291. doi:10.1002/jat.3176


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Centres Center of reference for gender medicine

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Gender and health Gender-specific toxicology Nutrition and food safety Chemical and toxicological food safety Climate, environment and health Chemical and biological contaminants