Legislative review

In addition to general legislation protecting fundamental human rights – Constitutions, bills of rights such as the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights, the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Yogyakarta Principles – there are some specific Acts dedicated to the intersex condition.

European Union law:

• European Parliament resolution of 14 February 2019 on the rights of intersex people (2018/2878(RSP))

International Law:

• European Council Resolution on Children’s Rights to Physical Integrity (1952[2013])
• Resolution 2191 (2017) Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe promoting the human rights of, and eliminating discrimination against, intersex people

Foreign laws:

• Australia: Sex Discrimination Amendment Act (2013)
• Belgium: The Constitutional Court struck down a June 2017 transgender law as discriminatory against intersex people
• Germany: Following the Oct. 10, 2017 ruling by Germany's Federal Constitutional Court (1 BvR 2019/16) stating that the German government should either create a third possibility in addition to male and female, or remove gender markings from all documents, the Gesetz zür Änderung personenstandsrechtilicher Vorschriften – Personenstandsrecht-Änderungsgesetz (PStRÄndG) was voted. This ruling modified art. 22 of the law on the status of persons (PStG – Personenstandsgesetz) and allows for the use of the formula “uncertain sex”. The full text can be found at: https://www.personenstandsrecht.de/Webs/PERS/DE/vorhaben/PStRAendG/PStRAendG-node.html, whereas the text of the modified PStG, at: www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bundesrecht/pstg/gesamt.pdf; Gesetz zur Änderung der in das Geburtenregister einzutragenden Angaben (2018). In 2021, the Bundestag adopted a federal government bill to protect children with “variations in sex development,” from unnecessary and non-urgent procedures
• Greece: Law of July 19, 2022
• Malta: Gender Identity, Gender Expression and Sex Characteristics Act (2015)
• Portugal: Lei da identidade de Género (2018); art. 5
• Australia: High Court April 2, 2014 (case NSW Registrar of Births, Deaths, and Marriages v. Norrie) recognized the possibility of being classified as “nonspecific”. The Australian government had already approved Guidelines on the Recognition of Sex and Gender in July 2013